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Showing posts with label how to lead a band. Show all posts
Showing posts with label how to lead a band. Show all posts

12 June 2017

Post 516: HOW TO MANAGE A JAZZ BAND

It's tough being a band manager. That's why I think it's the duty of all members of a band to support their manager in every way they can and to appreciate his efforts on their behalf.

What do you think is the most important skill a band manager needs? Playing an instrument outstandingly well? Wrong. If you want to run a band that attracts plenty of worthwhile gigs, your business skills are likely to be more important than your musical skills.

In my view, here's what a band manager needs.

1. Man management
Recruit the right musicians and keep all members of your band content and well-behaved - and happy to be part of the team.
2. Customer-relation skills
Courteous and meticulous attention to customers' comments and correspondence.
3. Common sense
For example, don't waste time quoting a fee the client obviously can't afford. Don't play music inappropriate to the occasion.
4. Musical expertise
Obviously essential, but less important than business skills.
5. Optimism
Don't be disheartened by knocks and setbacks. Always smile and look cheerful on stage.
6. Policy
Costume, style, repertoire, etc. Read my blog post about this by clicking here.
7. Willingness to devolve
Let other members of the band be the Musical Director and the Announcer if they are better qualified for these duties.
8. Business and marketing skills
Publicise your band in the most effective ways. And always have business cards available. 
9. A sense of humour
An obvious help - especially in the jazz world.


Here's another bit of advice. Communicate with your audience!

I remember a classical music concert at the Wigmore Hall in London. At the start, amidst applause, the musicians walked on to the stage, and without a word took their seats, played their two pieces, bowed and went off. After the Interval, exactly the same procedure occurred.

The musicians were some of the best in the world. Their playing was sublime. But throughout the two hours of the concert, nobody spoke one word to the audience. This is a convention with some classical music performers, but I think it is a pity. 

I have attended some classical concerts where the musicians have told the audience something about the music and have given a few other bits of information about themselves and where else they will be playing. On one occasion The Wihan String Quartet pleased the audience with a question-and-answer session.

In traditional jazz, too, when you have been booked to give a formal concert and your audience is politely seated, listening attentively to all you play, I think it is important for the band leader - or someone acting as spokesperson/announcer - to have a few words with the audience between tunes.
Speaking to the Audience:
Kenny Ball was a jazz musician who
set a good example.
This is good for achieving a rapport and is also helpful in letting the audience know something about the tunes, the history of our music and about the band.

It is inexcusable to take no notice of the audience between the end of one tune and the start of another, as I have occasionally seen bands do. Why do some bands not even tell the audience the titles of tunes with which they may be unfamiliar?

Remarks to audiences don't have to be profound or scholarly. They can be relatively trivial. For example, you could say which towns the musicians come from. You could say where you have been performing recently. You could tell them it's the banjo player's birthday. Little scraps like this help to establish a good relationship.

And don't feel compelled to tell jokes. There's no need to do so unless your timing and delivery are good and the jokes are of a kind that will not give offence.

Speaking to an audience is not easy. So regard this as another skill you need to develop. It may even be worth practising things you will say.

Something else to avoid is the poor discipline we often witness. Between tunes, members of the band on stage talk among themselves and guffaw at each other's comments - while the audience is left with no idea what is going on.

And there's no excuse for the band members to argue among themselves about what to play next, while the audience sits waiting. From the audience's point of view, this kind of behaviour is irritating. But some bands are guilty. Cut it out!

20 December 2015

Post 334: THE CALIFORNIA RAMBLERS; OR, THE ONOMASTIC CHALLENGE!

So you need a name for your band. You will probably settle for something local and alliterative – such as The Stratford Stompers. Perhaps you would like to use a different name occasionally – for the more sophisticated gigs – The Palace Beach Serenaders, for example.

But surely your band won't need more than two names?

I hope not. But there was throughout the 1920s a band that was said to use over a hundred different names in its various combinations and manifestations!
Some of The California Ramblers
This was The California Ramblers. In those days, the main reason for using different names was of course to get round legal contractual commitments to various recording studios. (For some interesting information about this and similar practices, see the comments at the foot of this article.)

Incidentally, their principal name was hardly appropriate. The members of the band had little or no connection with California (most came from Ohio) and they were based mainly in the New York area. Over the years, the band – which was largely studio-based – made a huge number of recordings, many of which were of high quality and extremely popular at the time. They drew from a wide pool of musicians. Their stars included Adrian Rollini and Tommy Dorsey.

The band's most famous pseudonym was The Golden Gate Orchestra. Others included The Little Ramblers, The University Six, Cotton Blossoms Orchestra, The Goofus Five, Ed Blossom and His New Englanders, The Five Birmingham Babies, Ted White's Collegians, Palm Beach Serenaders, The Vagabonds, The Varsity Eight and The Baltimore Society Syncopators. You can find many delightful examples of their work on YouTube.

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My good friend Carsten Pigott, who has a vast collection of 78 rpm records and vintage gramophones, has kindly sent me these further comments about 'working for labels':

Your text is spot on; and, although many jazz (and dance) bands, both in the US and here recorded under a variety of pseudonyms, for the reason you give, the California Ramblers are probably the best example - and a great favourite of mine, in any case.

My 78 collection contains many records with pseudonymous accreditation. I try to label and file them under the name by which the band is best known. Brian Rust's unsurpassed discographies of vintage jazz and British and US dance bands - sadly no longer in print (and second hand copies now sell for small fortunes) - are still the finest tools available for unravelling the true identities of all those groups that recorded under more than one name.

A side issue, not directly related to your text, relates to the sometimes quirky decisions musicians made over which labels to record for (other than when recording for a multitude of labels using multiple aliases). There was quite a significant price difference between the major ones (e.g. HMV, Columbia, Decca) and the budget ones. Some musicians stuck with the more expensive labels, reasoning that the prestige of an expensive label reflected their own status as top musicians. Others took a more pragmatic and 'commercial' approach, opting for the budget labels (which, with luck, would sell more records and bring in more income), particularly after they'd already established themselves on the full-priced records and/or on the stage and radio. Examples that spring to mind are the wonderful Australian baritone, Peter Dawson, who insisted on recording for the 'plum' label on HMV (not exactly cheap), rather than the even more expensive red label that was designated for classical music. Sir Harry Lauder decided to go with Zonophone, the budget HMV brand, but only on condition that their green label be made red for any of his records. Jack Payne, after leaving the BBC and the Columbia label, signed up with the budget Imperial label, but on condition that the Imperial crown trade mark at the top of the label was replaced by an image of his face and a facsimile of his signature! Collecting 78rpm records offers up a wonderful field of fascination!

26 August 2015

Post 257: 'YEARNING' - A GREAT CD FROM THE SHOTGUN JAZZ BAND

Many people seem to have enjoyed the video I made of The Shotgun Jazz Band giving a pulsating performance of Climax Rag. I filmed it when I saw them at The Spotted Cat, New Orleans, in April 2015. If you would like to watch it, CLICK HERE.

But may I also remind you that late in 2014 this great jazz band released a CD that is well worth listening to? It is packed with riches. If you would like to buy it, go to 

All sixteen tracks of the CD (entitled 'Yearning') were recorded in one session without an audience in the building that used to be Luthjen's Dance Hall in New Orleans. For bands with less stamina, it would have been an exhausting undertaking. The acoustics are terrific but obviously the emptiness of the building meant that it lacked the atmosphere that comes from having an audience. The recording is well balanced: you hear all instruments and vocals clearly.

The Band on the day comprised Marla Dixon (trumpet), John Dixon (banjo), Tyler Thomson (string bass), Justin Peake (percussion), Ben Polcer (piano), Charlie Halloran (trombone) and James Evans (reeds).

As well as playing the trumpet in a bold, forthright manner, Marla also delivers lusty, emotional vocals, in which one of her specialities is the thrilling rising glissando.

The rock-steady rhythm section, which is responsible for much of the band's distinctive house style, is on superb form throughout. The combination of Justin Peake (one of my favourite drummers), Tyler Thomson and John Dixon would be hard to beat. What a joy it must be for any 'front-line' players to be pumped along by them.

Here are the tunes on the CD:

I Believe I Can Make It By Myself

Sammy Penn with the Kid Thomas Band used to make a big feature of this 12-bar tune in Bb. The Shotgun Band gives it a raw treatment, with much trumpet growling and flattened thirds as well as a lusty vocal from Marla.

You Always Hurt The One You Love

This sets a great foot-tapping tempo. The rhythm section shines. Note the unusual key change - after a start in Bb, Marla sings the vocal gently in Eb and later more powerfully in Bb.

Get A Working Man (a.k.a. Pinchbacks, Take 'Em Away)

Marla offers a vocal with a message for the ladies: it's better to have a hard-working man than one who is good-looking but idle. My thanks to blog-reader Phil in the USA for telling me it was originally recorded in 1924 by Bessie Smith under the title Pinchbacks, Take 'Em Away. It has a 16-bar verse and a 32-bar chorus (harmonically identical to It's a Long Way to Tipperary). James' fluid solo (backed so well by Charlie and the Rhythm Section) distinctly demonstrates the Shotgun house style.

Tears
This raggy number which I think Lil Hardin composed for King Oliver's Band in 1923 (when they recorded it) is technically challenging but the Shotguns make light work of it. The tune is played fast (as by King Oliver) and, although it's full ensemble all the way, there are some nice 'breaks' for James.

Dream

Marla delivers a pleasant vocal (complete with Verse) right from the start, with solid backing from Ben, John, Tyler and Justin. Then there's a nice relaxed chorus featuring the clarinet and trombone again, with the chosen key (F) suited very well to James' higher register.

Yearning

This standard from 1925 seems to be a favourite with the Shotgun players. They played it in the great Abita Springs video. (Click here to see it.) Marla offers a punchy trumpet and vocal and there is a pleasant 16-bars-each chorus shared by James and Charlie.

Hindustan

Every band plays this tune from 1918. So how do the Shotguns make it fresh? With terrific front-line interplay; some Kid Thomas-style attack; and a vocal from Marla.

He'll Have To Go

This is one of two tunes in waltz time on the CD. Imagine Careless Love played slowly in 3/4. It's harmonically similar. Composed by Joe and Audrey Allison, it was a hit for Jim Reeves in 1959. Much of the performance consists of a gentle vocal from Marla, well supported by Ben. There are a few bars of special beauty when James leads with the melody in the ensemble. 

Over In The Gloryland

This spiritual is another tune that most bands play. Some musicians don't like it because of its very limited harmonic pattern. But the Shotguns make it last for over six minutes and leave you wanting more. There is hearty singing and great collective improvisation.

I Love You So Much It Hurts

This is a country and western number recorded (and probably written) by Floyd Tillman in 1948. The Shotguns give a no-frills straight-ahead performance of the 32-bar simple tune. They choose not to offer a vocal.

Kentucky Blues

I don't know the origin of this tune. (There are at least two other different tunes with this title). It seems to have two themes (16-bar and a standard 12-bar). The arrangement is the most sophisticated on this CD - from a band that normally does not bother with very sophisticated arrangements. The lovely clarinet of James Evans is well featured.

Love In Bloom

James is singing this one a great deal recently at the band's performances. He is no mean vocalist. It's a very nice song composed in 1934 by Leo Robin and Ralph Rainger. James also plays some lovely fluid clarinet with Marla (for once using a standard mute) in the background. It's one of two tunes played in Ab. The other is Gloryland, of course.
Mobile Stomp
This famous number (written and recorded by the Sam Morgan Band in 1927) is also on the Abita Springs video. I like the rock-steady work from all members of the band, especially at its more delicate moments. Note the saxophone's second chorus against offbeats; and the amusing 'quadruple' ending.
You Broke Your Promise
This 1949 pop song by Wyle, Taylor and Pole was a favourite with the early Preservation Hall bands. In an unpretentious performance of this 32-bar tune, Marla offers a nice clear vocal - a help to those of us who want to learn the words. As in You Always Hurt The One You Love, above, she drops the key (to C) for her first vocal but sings her second vocal higher - in F - the key in which the rest of the performance is played. This must be a device she enjoys. It certainly is effective in setting the two vocals in contrast.
Tennessee Waltz
This is the second tune in 3/4 time. It's also the most touching tune on the CD. Marla sings the sad words about lost love, with good instrumental support from James and Charlie. A beautiful melody, gently presented.
I'll See You In My Dreams
The famous Isham Jones and Sammy Kahn song from 1924. No vocal is offered; and they do not make the mistake of taking it too slowly. Charlie's trombone gives a melodious lead; and there is some lovely ensemble playing.

16 April 2013

Post 47: SUPPORT YOUR BAND-LEADER!

It is hard to understand why anybody would want to be a leader or manager of a traditional jazz band. I can think of eleven tricky and demanding things they have to do, usually for a negligible financial reward. They must:

1. recruit a team of good musicians who can be relied upon both to play and behave well and also to turn up punctually for gigs.

2. have considerable man-management skills, both in dealings with customers and with members of the band.

3. spend time and money on publicity, advertising and band promotion.

4. seek and chase after all possible offers of gigs.

5. negotiate terms with bookers.


6. cajole musicians into attending rehearsals; and cajole musicians into playing some gigs for almost nothing or for just one free drink.

7. communicate well, so that all the musicians know exactly where and when the gigs will take place.



8. decide on and establish policies for such things as band costume and repertoire.


9. devise play-lists for performances.

10. write out chord charts or music for musicians who may need them.

11. handle the finances of the band, and obtain the agreed fee from the booker (not always easy) and pay the musicians.

On top of all this, it helps if the leader has a strong and pleasant personality and can use this in communicating with audiences.

Despite all these demands, there are - thank goodness - plenty of people who have set themselves up as band-leaders and obviously enjoy the work.

The point I want to make today is this. I think we should all give strong support to our band-leaders. Respect them for all the hard work they do to keep the music alive.

On very rare occasions, I have heard of a musician criticising or arguing with his leader. In my opinion, this is a mean thing to do.

If a musician would prefer to do things differently, he should try setting up his own band; then he would discover how hard it is to be a Leader.

8 March 2013

Post 8: HOW TO LEAD THE BAND

What a performance!

It would be hard to find a better example than this video of a leader carefully setting the right tempo, driving the band along, directing the musical traffic and making very clear what is wanted from everyone, while working up some great excitement in the music.

The leader is the cornet player Shaye Cohn and the tune is Fats Waller's Minor Drag. Click on the link below and hold on to your hats. Note all the subtle signals Shaye gives by means of eye contact, body language, quick words to John Doyle (clarinet) and Barnabus (trombone), a hand signal to Robin (washboard), the notes she holds at the ends of choruses - even left hand on the head to signal a return to Theme A!
Click here to watch.

Incidentally, as I have said elsewhere, why on earth don't more bands follow Tuba Skinny's example in seating arrangements? Having the band in an arc formation means the audience can see all the musicians and - for signalling purposes - the musicians can all see each other.

In other videos, you can even see Shaye 'conducting' the band by extending a bare foot! She does so near the end to indicate that this is to be the final chorus. For example: CLICK HERE. And for another example of Shaye showing great energy, drive and imagination, both in her own playing and in the direction of the band, look at this wonderful performance of Weary BluesCLICK HERE.

3 March 2013

Post 3: THE SEMIOLOGY OF OUR MUSIC

Watch Aurora Nealand at 3 minutes 44 seconds into this exciting video (click on to view), and you will see her rapidly holding up two fingers and then four. Immediately her band knows they are to play just the second and fourth beats of the bars in the next chorus while backing the pianist. And they do so - to great effect. That's a good example of a leader skilfully directing her band.

In pretty well all performances by traditional jazz bands, one of the players is responsible for giving signals about what is to happen next - what we sometimes call 'directing the musical traffic'. These signals are the 'Visual Language' of the music.

I think it looks bad if - while a tune is being played - some of the musicians are seen talking about what they are going to do with the following Chorus. The discreet use of signals is so much better.

In a great band, signals may even be given by the eyes of the leader. Notice, for example, how often with Tuba Skinny all that is required is a glance from Shaye Cohn for the other musicians to know exactly what is required.

The most obvious and most common example or traditional jazz semiology is the signal to tell a player that he or she should improvise a solo (or take the lead) in the following Chorus. The leader usually does this by pointing his instrument towards that player - or sometimes indeed by mere eye contact. Here is Shaye Cohn of Tuba Skinny indicating with the slightest lean towards him that Barnabus is to take the next Chorus:
Here are some of the other useful signals.
This is the hand tapping the top of the head, demonstrated here by Marla Dixon, the dynamic leader of The Shotgun Jazz BandIt means: 'At the end of this Chorus, go right back to the beginning' (i.e. the Introduction or Verse).

And here it is deployed by Shaye Cohn.
This next one (the whisper signal) means 'Play the next Chorus very quietly.' I always enjoy the effect achieved by this.
But I have also noticed Marla signalling 'Next Chorus very quietly, please' by doing this:
The quiet Chorus is usually followed by a much louder one in which the band brings the tune to a climactic ending.

It makes for variety occasionally if a Chorus is played in 'fours'. That is to say, two or more players alternately take four bars each. Here's an example of Shaye setting up such a Chorus (note the four fingers). Immediately after catching the eye with this signal, she points to the two players who are to take the 'fours' and away they go.
Next is a signal Marla uses to tell the whole band to stop dead after the first beat of the next bar - to allow for the singer (or the designated player) to perform a two-bar 'break'. She punches the air behind her head. Some bandleaders indicate the break by holding the fist up and sharply pulling it down.
I like the clarity of that. It prevents the mistake that happens with some bands, when a drummer for example spoils someone's break by drumming right through it.

A great idea for occasional use is to have a chorus played entirely by the three front-line instruments only. To achieve this, the leader must indicate to the entire rhythm section that it must 'Cut!' Marla does this by slashing the hand horizontally in front of them:
To see this signal (at 4 minutes 45 seconds during a thrilling video of Climax RagCLICK HERE.

A rarely-heard signal is the one to indicate that the next chorus is to be performed by human voices only (everybody sings!). The achieve this, the leader calls 'A cappella'. See an example of Matt doing this at 2 minutes 18 seconds into this video: CLICK HERE.

This next signal is so helpful in creating something interesting and unusual. Yet I rarely see it used. As you probably know, the Middle Eight of a tune is also called The Bridge. So this signal means, 'In the next Chorus, start at the Middle Eight (The Bridge) rather than the beginning.' You get the hand into a bridge shape and rock it for a second or two:
Here is Marla using it.
There's a very clear example of Marla using it at 3 minutes 29 seconds into this video (click on to view).

But Shaye has her own signal for 'Go back to the Middle Eight'. She appears to make a 'bridge' with the two index fingers. You can see what she does if you click on this video and watch her fingers at 4 minutes 28 seconds: the band immediately responds by going to the Bridge, neatly bringing the tune to a conclusion.

Sometimes a signal is used to indicate the key of the tune. Fingers up mean sharps; fingers down are flats. So this signal means we are going to play in the key which has two flats (namely the key of Bb):
Normally such a signal should not be needed but it can be useful if the leader decides to switch into a different key at the start of the next Chorus. I have noticed Marla Dixon and Aurora Nealand - after playing several choruses of Why Don't You Go Down To New Orleans? in Eb - giving a one-finger-down signal to indicate that the final chorus would be in F. The effect of the key change was very impressive.

This next one means 'Half and half''. For example, when we play the next 32-bar Chorus, one player will take the first 16 bars and another will take the second.
When some of the players have been 'sitting out' during a Chorus and the leader wants them all to join in for the next, a good signal is a rolling motion with an instrument, indicating that all members of the band are being included. Here is Shaye using this signal. Take my word for it: the cornet is being waved round in a circle, indicating to Barnabus and Jonathan: 'I want us all playing in the next Chorus'.
Alternatively, the circle motion can be performed by the bandleader moving a single finger in a circle - usually above his head, so that everyone can see.

It helps all members of the band to know when they are on the last Chorus, bringing the tune to an end. With most experienced bands, this becomes almost instinctive. But it is helpful if the leader is positive in indicating the final Chorus. It may require no more than the trumpeter raising the bell of his instrument high as he plays and making sure everyone sees it.

But an interesting 'Finish' signal that has crept in recently (possible when bands are seated) is the extended leg.

To judge from YouTube videos, Aurora Nealand started this fashion among traditional jazz bands in about 2008 with a slight raising of the foot. But I have been told folk music groups used this signal in earlier decades. For a video of Aurora using it, CLICK HERE and watch her a few seconds from the end.
Shaye Cohn (who was playing with Aurora in that video) picked up the idea and used the extended leg so much in subsequent years that other bandleaders - so influenced by her - have started to adopt it.
Other signals are used to indicate 'Threes!' (all musicians except the soloist to play only the first three beats of the four in each bar) or 'Off!' (similar - play offbeats only). You can see Shaye order offbeats to back the clarinet at 2 minutes 6 seconds in this video: CLICK HERE. And she uses the same device at 2 minutes 19 seconds in THIS VIDEO where she is briefing the other musicians on how to back her own next chorus. Note the instant perfect response by all members of the band.

Another interesting instruction concerns the Introduction to the tune. Sometimes the last four bars are used as the Introduction. In England, the leader says 'Last Four' just before the band starts. But I note that Shaye Cohn in New Orleans says 'From the turn around'. I prefer that and presume it's the American custom. See an example by clicking here.

Another well-known signal is used when the next Chorus is to be a vocal. The leader's hand is held up and the fingers are used to mimic the shape of a mouth opening and shutting. You can see a very clear example of Shaye doing this if you click here and watch her at 3 minutes 29 seconds.

Of course, there is more to traditional jazz semiology than I have mentioned. Bandleaders develop their own signals.

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Pops Coffee's Books Playing Traditional Jazz and Enjoying Traditional Jazz are available from Amazon: