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Showing posts with label tunes comprising 16 bars. Show all posts
Showing posts with label tunes comprising 16 bars. Show all posts

11 March 2017

Post 485: 'DROPPIN' SHUCKS' BY LIL HARDIN ARMSTRONG



Good friend and regular correspondent Jim Sterling of Florida told me he had been very pleased to discover the YouTube video of Tuba Skinny playing Droppin' Shucks in Royal Street as long ago as 2012, when the band still had Ryan Baer on banjo and when there was no reed player. I'm talking of this video - click on here to view.

The message from Jim reminded me that I enjoyed the video when I first saw it in 2012. At the time, I remember listening also (for comparison) to the original 1926 version composed by Lil Hardin Armstrong and recorded by Louis Armstrong's Hot Five (also available on YouTube).

But on that occasion, apart from feeling that it was a very good but quite complicated piece of music, I thought no more about it.

Jim enjoyed the performance and particularly praised Shaye's muted cornet work. Throughout the three minutes, Shaye uses her Humes and Berg 102 stonelined cup mute and has it fully wedged inside the bell of her cornet. We know that on other occasions, she prefers to hold it half in and half out of the bell. Barnabus also, using his Humes and Berg stonelined straight mute, plays some lovely stuff complementing Shaye's melodic lines. Jim also specially liked the final Chorus, in which Shaye and Barnabus play so well together, alternating the 'breaks'.

We must all be grateful to the video-maker codenamed jazzbo43 for recording this fine performance.

It's interesting to observe how Ryan (at 2 mins 08 secs) warns Max that the band is about to go to the 12-bar 'breaks interlude' rather than the start of the Chorus; and then (at 2 mins 24 secs) that this time they are returning to the start of the Chorus. (The 'Breaks Interlude' is copied from the original Armstrong recording.)

Perhaps Max hadn't played this number with the band before. (In fact it is a song they seem to have played very rarely over the years.)

After Jim encouraged me to listen more carefully to it again, I realised Droppin' Shucks is not really as complicated as I had thought. Basically it has a simple and pretty 16-bar minor-key Verse played once (Tuba Skinny play it in C minor); and then the Chorus - played several times (in the key of Ab) - is simply one of those 16-bar standards (with 'breaks' on Bars 9 - 12), very similar to How Come You Do Me Like You Do Do Do? or If It Don't Fit, Don't Force It or Don't Care Blues or Don't Go Away, Nobody, or Forget Me Not Blues.

The only little extra ingredient is that 12-bar 'Breaks Interlude' I mentioned - which may be regarded as optional.

But what makes Droppin' Shucks special - perhaps unique among sixteen-bar tunes - is that the whole of Bar 12 is based on a diminished chord. That certainly adds a bit of excitement.

So it's easy to pick up. Let's have more bands playing it!

As for what the title Droppin' Shucks means, I think you may be able to find out. But I shall say nothing on the subject. Regular readers will know that I limit the contents of my pages to the decorous, the refined, and the tasteful.

11 January 2016

Post 353: 'CRAZY 'BOUT YOU' - FROM MCKINLEY TO TUBA SKINNY

'Jazz Gillum'
'Crazy 'Bout You' is a great little 16-bar number that seems simple enough to play, with a straightforward chord progression.

It appears to have been written in about 1935 by blues harmonica player William 'Jazz Gillum' McKinley, who recorded it in Chicago that year with The State Street Boys.

You can hear his recording on YouTube:
CLICK HERE.
I first heard the tune in its more recent performances by Tuba Skinny, with a great vocal from Erika Lewis. You can see Tuba Skinny perform it on YouTube:
CLICK HERE.

And you can see and hear them performing this song at the Umbria Jazz Festival at the start of 2016: CLICK HERE.

Tuba Skinny have also recorded it and you can hear their spirited performance on their CD, Owl Call Blues (released in August 2014).

The lyrics? On these lines:
Baby I'm crazy 'bout you
Don't like the way you do
Always mistreatin' me
Say that you love me too
Some day you'll want me
And I'll be far from you
Then you will be sorry babe
You do me like you do

A sad detail with which to end:

Poor William McKinley, the composer, was murdered at the age of 62, three years after he had retired from his career in music.

=================

30 September 2015

Post 265: SIXTEEN-BAR TUNES

Just as it is a good idea to include an occasional 12-bar blues in a jazz programme and just as it is a good idea to include a tune or two in minor keys, so it adds variety to include a 16-bar tune (in some cases 16 + two-bar tag). Many 16-bar tunes also offer the advantage that they can be played using little more than three-chord tricks.

Unfortunately, we certainly can't lump 16-bar tunes together as one type, however. Just like 32-bar tunes, they come in a variety of structures.

My own favourite is the type that allows for 'breaks' in bars 9 to 12. This is how the chord progression often goes:
  I     |    I      |    II7:V7     |   I
  I     |   I       |    II7           |   V7
  I     |    I7    |    IV           |   IVm    
  I     |   I       |   II7:V7      |   I
(Examples: Don't Go Away, Nobody and If It Don't Fit, Don't Force It)

Or it can go like this:
 I:IV7 |  I:VI7  |  II7:V7  | I:V7
 I:IV7 |  I:VI7  |  II7:V7  | IIm:V7
   I      |    I7     |    IV       |  IVm
 I:IV7 |  I:VI7  |  II7:V7  |   I
(Examples: How Come You Do Me Like You Do Do Do? and If You've Got a Friend, You'd Better Treat Him Right)

In more detail, here's another example of such a tune:
That one is called You Gotta See Mamma Every Night. Similar tunes (using 'breaks') are Keep Your Fingers Off It, Droppin' Shucks, She Drives an OldsmobileRolls-Royce PapaPut it Right HereDrop it on YouWang Wang Blues [first theme], Get 'Em from the Peanut Man and It's So Nice and Warm.

This structural pattern was very common in the 1920s. Four more examples from that era are Oh Miss Hannah (1924) and Black Eye Blues (1928) and Red Hot Mama (1924), It's Right Here For You (1925) and I'm Watchin' The Clock (1928).


For a very good example of what I am trying to describe, watch this YouTube video of If It Don't Fit, Don't Force It. This has it all: clear structure, tag (on most choruses), and fine uses of the all the breaks in bars 9 - 12 (note the lovely one taken by the tuba at the end!):

It's also possible to put a break in Bars 7 and 8, rather than 9 to 12. You need three lots of the Sweet Sue Progression (dominant to tonic) ending with a break on the tonic in those two bars - 7 and 8:
V7         |   V7      |      I        |     I
 V7         |   V7      |      I        |     I
 V7         |  V7       |     I         |    I
  IV:IVm  |  I:VI7  |  II7:V7   |  I
(Examples: Gatemouth - first theme; Do What Ory Say, South - main theme, Mamma's Baby Boy, Get It Right, Pearl River Stomp - second theme, Up Jumped the Devil, I Wish I Could Shimmy Like My Sister Kate)

But now let us look at some of the many other 16 bar progressions. Here's a very common and simple one:
  I      |    I       |    I      |   I
  I      |    I       |   V7   |  V7  
  I      |    I7     |    IV   |  IVm
  I       |   V7   |     I     |    I
(Examples: We Shall Walk Through the Gates of the City & When The Saints)


Even more simple (only two chords needed):
  I    |     I   |     I   |     I
  V7 |  V7   |    I    |     I
  I    |     I   |     I   |     I
  V7 |  V7   |    I    |     I
(Example: Walking With The King)

   I          |    I         |     I      |    V7
  V7      |   V7       |    V7    |     I
  I          |   I          |    I       |    V7
  V7      |   V7       |    V7    |    I
(Example: Rum and Coca Cola)

Now the    I  -  IV -  I - V - I  pattern:
  I    |     I   |     I   |     I7
  IV |  IV   |    I    |     I
  I    |    I    |    I    |    I
 V7 |   V7 |   I     |    I
(Example: Lord Lord Lord)

Somewhat similar:
   I    |     I    |    I    |    I7
  IV  |   IV   |    I    |    I7
  IV  |    IV  |    I    |   IVm
  I     |   V7  |    I    |    I
(Example: You Are My Sunshine)

Then there are some that do something striking with the 12th bar (for example, an unexpected diminished chord):
  I      |    I      |    I    |   V7
  V7  |    V7  |  V7   |  I  
  I     |    I7    |   IV   |  Io
  I     |   V7   |     I    |   I
(Example: Faraway Blues)

  I          |   V7    |      I      |     I
  I          |   V7    |      I      |     I
  VI7     |  VI7   |     II7     |    Io
  I          |  V7    |     I        |    I
(Example: Farewell Blues)

 IV   |   IV   |      I     |     I
 IV   |   IV   |      I     |     I

  I     |  III7  |     IV   |    Io

  I     |  V7   |    I:IV  |    I

(Example: Make Me a Pallet on the Floor)


  I        |   V7    |      I       |     V7:I
  I        |   V7    |      I       |     V7:I
 VI7    |  VI7    |    IV7    |     IVo
   I       |  V7     |     I        |    I
(Example: Weary Blues - final theme)

Or the 12th bar surprise can be a III7th:
       I       |    I        |    IV7   |   I
       I       |    I        |    II7     |   V
       I       |    I       |    IV7     |  III7
 IV:IVm  |  I:VI7  |  II7:V7  |  I
(Example: Rip 'Em Up, Joe)

Three-chorders can be not only easy to play but also make very pleasant listening:

  I        |    I    |     IV    |     I
  I        |    I    |    V7    |   V7
  I        |   I     |    IV     |    I
  I        |  V7  |     I       |    I
(Example: When I Move to the Sky)

  I          |    IV       |     I   |    I
  V7      |   V7        |    I    |    I
  I          |   IV        |    I    |    I
  V7       |   V7       |   I     |   I
(Example: Sometimes My Burden)

  I          |   V7    |      I      |     I
  V7      |   V7    |      I      |     I
  IV       |  IV      |    I        |    I
  V7      |  V7     |     I        |    I
(Example: Mary Wore a Golden Chain)

  I           |     I7    |      IV    |     I
  I           |     I      |     V7    |     I
  I           |    I7     |     IV     |     I
  I           |    V7   |      I       |     I
(Example: Precious Lord Lead Me On

 IV     |   IV    |    I     |    I
 V7    |   V7   |    I     |    I7
  IV    |  IV    |    I     |    I
  V7   |  V7   |    I     |    I
(Example: Redwing - chorus. Down By the Riverside, 2nd part, is the same))

  I          |    I      |     V7    |    V7
  V7      |   V7    |      I      |     I
  I          |   I       |    I 7     |    IV
  IV       |   I       |    V7     |    I
(Example: Royal Telephone)

But the permutations are endless. Here are a few more.

  I     |     I     |   VI7   |   VI7
  II7  |   V7   |     I      |    V7
  I     |     I     |   VI7   |    VI7
  II7  |   V7   |     I      |     I
(Example: That's a Plenty - final theme)


  I    |    I7    |    IV:IVm   |   I

  I    |   VI7  |    II7           |   V7

  I    |    I7    |    IV:IVm   |  I

  I    |   V7   |       I           |   I

(Example: By and By)

   I    |    II7   |     I      |    I
   I    |   II7    |   V7    |    V7
   I    |    I7    |   IV     |   IVm
   I    |   V7   |     I      |    I
(Example: Saturday Night Function)

  I          |   V7    |      I       |     I
  I          |   VI7   |      II7    |    V7
  I          |  I7       |    IV      |    IVm
  I          |  V7     |     I        |    I
(Example: Careless Love)

  I      |    I       |    V7        |   I
  I      |    I       |  VII7       |  V7  
  I      |    I       |    V7       |  I7
  IV   |   I:VI7 | II7:V7    |   I

(Example: Climax Rag - final theme) 

  I        |   V7    |      I       |     V7
   I        |   VIm |      II7    |     V7
   I        |  V7    |    II7    |     V7
   IV:IVm  |  I:VI7  |  II7:V7  |  I
(Example: Shimme Sha Wobble - final theme - note Sunshine Progression in final four bars)


  I       |    VI7    |    II7:V7    |   I
  I       |   VI7     |    II7          |   V7
  I:Io   |    V7     |    I:Io         |  V7
  I       |   VI7     |  II7:V7      |   I
(Example: Ja Da)


  I           |     I7    |      IV    |     I
  V7       |     I      |      II7    |    V7
  I           |    I7     |     IV     |    III7
  IV:IVo |  I:VI7  | II7:V7   |     I
(Example: Ol' Miss Rag - theme - Sunshine Progression again)

16-bar tunes can be very effective. Consider, for example, this one on YouTube, which is no more than the the 8-bar Four-Leaf Clover Progression played twice:

24 February 2015

Post 175: 'TRICKS AIN'T WALKIN' NO MORE'

Lucille Bogan
One thing that appeals to me about Tricks Ain't Walking No More is that is feels like a standard 12-bar blues and yet it is actually 16 bars (there's a kind of 4-bar tag). Here's how it sounds to me:
       


This blues was first recorded in 1930 by Lucille Bogan (better known later as Bessie Jackson) and it seems that she was also the composer.

As with so many tunes I have tried to learn recently, I first heard it on one of the CDs made by that stunningly-good young band Tuba Skinny.

You can see them performing it at:


Erika Lewis's wonderful soulful voice is just right for the song.

It was written during the Great Depression and its slang terms would have been immediately understood, heartfelt and meaningful. I'll leave you to work out what kind of people 'tricks' were.

22 January 2015

Post 161: 'OWL CALL BLUES'


Photo : David Wiseman

Tuba Skinny have introduced a beautiful slow-paced song, Owl Call Blues, to their repertoire. It is gloriously sung by Erika Lewis. The melody was written during a tour in France by Shaye Cohn and the lyrics by Erika herself. What a team!

I'm pleased to say it is on their sixth CD, which is actually called Owl Call Blues and includes 14 other tunes, such as Dallas Rag and Oriental Strut.

I can tell you this haunting, melancholy tune immediately embeds itself in your mind. You will want to hear it again and again; and you will go around humming it for days.

It's not a 12-bar blues. It is a 16-bar tune that begins by working its way down a chromatic ladder of long notes. In general feel, it has something in common with Jelly Roll Morton's 1938 composition, Sweet Substitute, Fred Meinken's Wabash Blues (of 1921) and Alex Hill's 1934 song Delta Bound (which Tuba Skinny have also brilliantly recorded).

Tuba Skinny perform it entirely in Bb.

Erika's lyrics comprise two 8-line verses of mystic wistful, nostalgic, pastoral poetry. Both verses begin with the same four lines, but the second four lines are different.

Several readers have asked me to give them the lyrics. I may be wrong but, to my ear, they are as follows.

The valley wide, the valley low,
The ocean deep, the undertow:
I'd walk for miles; I'd walk for days
To feel again your warm embrace.
The clouds roll in to mask the moon.
The owl calls a mournful tune
To a fire that glows with sparks that fly.
I sit and stare, and wonder why.

The valley wide, the valley low,
The ocean deep, the undertow:
I'd walk for miles; I'd walk for days
To feel again your warm embrace.

So take me back to those good old days,
Of running free above the glades.
In tender years we danced and sang.
Our time will come to go away.

If, like me, you can't resist trying to play it yourself, you will probably be able to pick out both the melody and the chord structure (in the main it seems to be a three-chorder, though for the long note - E - in Bars 3 and 4 I settled on Bb diminished).

I first came across this tune in two YouTube videos. One was recorded inside a museum and the acoustic is inevitably resonating, bringing out the full glory of Erika's voice. The Band (with Shaye going for the higher octave) plays three choruses before Erika sings:
Watch it by clicking here.

The second, also filmed in the open air by the great video-maker digitalalexa [Al and his wife Judy], obviously has a quite different acoustic. You can watch it
by clicking on here.

============

Footnote

The book Tuba Skinny and Shaye Cohn is available from Amazon.

19 March 2013

Post 19: 'WHEN THE SAINTS GO MARCHING IN'


When the Saints Go Marching In (often referred to as The Saints) is one of the best-known and best-loved of all tunes played by the traditional jazz bands. It is even known and sung in many languages throughout the world. Jazz musicians themselves generally don’t care for it. The reason is partly that it is constantly requested, so they are bored by it. But audiences love singing and clapping along to this tune.

When The Saints has a Verse as well as the familiar Chorus. The two are similar; but I shall concentrate on the Chorus.

There are three reasons why it is easy for the audience and lends itself to audience participation. (1) It has a simple 16-bar structure; (2) it offers a singer and echoing chorus possibility (Oh when the saints [Oh when the saints…]); and (3) it is repetitive: there’s nothing much to learn.

But they are also three reasons why the musicians do not much care for it: the tune poses no great challenge.
That is its simple chord structure (without any sophistication).

Note how you can get away with using just three chords: it is what musicians call a three-chord trick. The chords are the most common: the tonic, the dominant and the sub-dominant.

It is believed that this tune is a traditional gospel number dating back to the earliest days of jazz (and jazz funerals) in New Orleans. I am surprised, though, that not one of the early jazz bands - all through the great New Orleans and Chicago eras - ever seems to have recorded it. The only early recordings of When The Saints (dating from the 1920s), are by gospel singers and by singer-guitarist Blind Willie Davis (about whom almost nothing is known). You can listen to his performance by clicking here. But the very first recorded performance seems to have been by The Paramount Jubilee Singers in 1923. You can find this easily on YouTube.

Some scholarly types claim the song was written in 1896 by James M. Black (1856-1938) and Katherine E. Purvis, who died in 1909. They were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Pennsylvania. But the song they wrote was actually When The Saints Are Marching In and it has a different melody. I have examined the sheet music.

When The Saints Go Marching In was used in the 1936 film Green Pastures, for which it was claimed that Virgil Stamps wrote the music. It was even copyrighted in 1937 by Virgil Stamps, with words by Luther G. Presley. Stamps was born in Texas in 1892. He got a job with The Tennessee Music Company and started composing songs by 1915. He was also a singer and a keen student and proponent of gospel music. So it is conceivable that he really did compose it in his younger days. Later he had his own music company. He and his singing quartet became early stars of the radio age. Luther Presley, whose name also appeared on the copyright and who may or may not have written the words, died in 1974, having lived to the good old age of 87; so he at least knew what world-wide fame the song went on to achieve.

Incidentally, I received an email in May 2015 from the great-niece of Virgil Stamps. She said her mother had assured her that Virgil composed the tune. 

In 1938, the great Louis Armstrong took it up and recorded it. It was not until then that it caught on and its fame was assured.

The tune has been adopted as a rallying song for sports teams and institutions throughout the world. In my country, it is used by Southampton Football Club (The Saints). Most famously, the tune was taken to its heart by New Orleans and is the probable reason why The New Orleans Saints Football Team was so named.

Its simple chord structure is copied in other tunes. I think you will find I'll Be Glad When You're Dead, Jump for Joy, Peruna, Reefer Man, The Sloop John B, You Rascal You and Red River Valley are pretty much identical; and the tune We Shall Walk Through The Streets Of The City (played these days by most traditional jazz bands) certainly is. The Chorus of Livin' High uses this structure, too. And so do The Coming Tide,  This Train and the Chorus of Who Threw the Whisky in the Well and There Ain't Gonna Be No Doggone Afterwhile.

And a final observation: when I was in New Orleans as a tourist a few years ago, I came across a couple of jazz buskers (trumpet and banjo) in Jackson Square and they were playing When The Saints in the unusual key of E! The trumpeter was producing some amazing improvisations. As he was using a Bb trumpet, it meant he was improvising at high speed in what was for him a key of 6 sharps! It was a brilliant improvisation. I suppose these two gentlemen were playing the tune because they knew it was a crowd-pleaser; but at the same time they were choosing to make it a much greater challenge for themselves.